James perry



Y rolls, cakes, &c.

@nite-h tates luitrat @fi-ire.`

eraisins PERRY., or BROOKLYN, Nlnwroni.-

Latem Patent No. 78,232, dass May 26,1868,l

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FORAPPURTIONNG, EXPANDING, AND SHARING DUGH TOR THE MANUFATURB' 0F: BREAD.

TO ALL 'WHOM IT CONGE-RN:-

. Be it known that I, JAMS PEItRY, of the city of Brooklyn,

of Making Bread, Rolls, Cake, Sie.; and I 4do hereby declare that the following'is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had toV the annexed drawing, which forms part ofl this specification.

The appara-tus which forms the subjectief-luy present invention is especially designed for use in the manufacture of bread which is prepared under pressurejotV gas..

The object of this invention is to obtain sinipleLinexpensive, and eectivexnechanism for regulating theV expansion of dough, prepared under such pressure, 'andrdividing the'sa'me into separate portions to form loaves,

In order to give a better understanding'of th'e`-advantagesjrcsultiugffrom tho use-of my present invention;

over suehapparstus as is new in use for `the same'purpose, will state that at present lnuch embarrassment und` 4 in the county of Kings,and State ai New York, have invented anew and improved Apparatus for Apportioning, Expanding, and Shaping Dough in the 12x-acess dfiiculty are constantly met with in the rnanufacture ot'vbread, `&c.,the dough for vvhich' is prepared and discharged under pressure, and, among oth'ers,"for"tbe following reasons: First, itv is found in practice that the dough, after having'been charged lwith,gasfinth .kne'adesg while 'being discharged through thc'rdough-Vcocks 'new in use, loses much of the gas it contains aait-'enters the 'atinosphermand as the `dough nl ustbe drawn out rapidly to fill the oven in duc time, it must necessarily be subjected to great pressure, 'from one hundred and fifty to on'e hundred and eighty pounds to the square inch,r to insure suiicient ievity tothe bread. Second, this rapid discharge of the dough deranges 'the structure andr texture of the loaves, andeonsequently deteriorates 4the quality of the bread. Third, it is not possible by the apparatus now use to appo-rtion the quantity for each loaf of lany given price equally, the variation often amounting `to between two and three ounces -`per loaf. Fourth, the waste of gas and expense of keeping up such a h'igh pressure in the knoader,in consequence ofthe strain, leakage, ne., are very considerable, thefclosest attention and most perfect construction 'of the machinery being required. i

My invention' obviates al1 these diiculties. {The dough 4is prepared in a closed vessel, the same as now practised, but a pressure of about sixty pounds to the square 'inch will suce, yandI am enabled to form enough of this dough into loaves of equal weight to ll an oven in about fifteen minutes without losing anyof the gas it contains, or, at any rate, but thesmallest possible quantity. p To effect such'results, the pressure upon the dough inv the kneader must be diminished before it comes in contactwith the atmosphere,` to prevent the sudden `rupture of the loaf, roll, Ste,` The requisite quantity of dough for. eacli`1oai,roll,&c.,must also be separated from the r'nass in the kneader before vit enters -thebaking-pans orother receptacle'. The dough in passingout must not be allowed to entera partial vacuum, or any considerable space in the apparatus not already illed with dough of corresponding pressure, else the gas will escape from it; nor must the, doughfonce expanded to'a given degree, be subjected to a. greater external pressure, as this isde'trimentalto ,the quality and levity of the bread.

The nature of my invention consists in the combination, with a kneader in which doughi-s prepared nder pressure of gas, of a valve so arranged that the doughmay be delivered into the'atmosphere with' lsuch dimin-V ished pressure as shall, not exceed the tenacity kot the dough, thereby preventingl the rupture of the dough. It also consists inte. valve of an improved construction. i `It also consists in the combination, with a knead'er, of a perforated plate or strainer ,for preventinglumps of unmixeddough or other hard substances entering the val've`-chamber. i' v 4 I It also Aconsists in the combination of a hollow arm or dough-conductor with one or more chambers and pistons for apportioning and shaping the' dough.

It also consists in the combination of a movable .cross-head,'or its equivalent, with mechaxrisxnfor'operatinjg the same, whereby the capacity ofthe chalnbersmay boincrease'dnr dlinishred.

'Imaz 2 It also consists in the employmentand arranf'rernent of devices for bringing,r the pans under and away freir l D the chambers to befilled ivith dough and discharged..

'In theaccornpanyingdrawing Y Y Figure 1 is a vertical transverseseetion, .take oh the planeet` the line o; qi, fig. 2. Figure 2 is a plan or top view, the kneade'r having been r'ennoved`on the plane ofthe line y y, iig. 1. Figure-3 isa front view looking in the direction ofthe red arrow 1ig. 1. i v Y Sixnila'r lettersof'refcrenceindicate corresponding parte in the three. figures. w A designates the loiver portion of a knead'er or closed vessel, in'which the dough is prepared under pressure of g'as for the manufacture of aerated'breird.v This kn'eadecr'closedlvessel,may be of .the ordinary spherical form, or of any 'other'suitableconstruction. .Ernnnating from" the ldwerfpart oF'this kneader is a pipe or' passageway, @between the upper part of which and-the'kineoderis a"p`eroratcd 'plato or strainer, at to pre-4 vent anywlfuuupmofunniixeddough-or'other hard substance passing through-to'interferenith :the pi-,oper working i of thc other vparts of the machinery.' This strainer 'maybemadeseparate from and secured to the bottomgof the kneader, or it may be secured to the casting below the kneader. A passage- Way or pipe, e,iema,i1ates from lthis pipe or passage-Way, a,`lea ling to a v'alve-chamber,f. The flow-of thedough -frorithe kneade'r to the 'chamber fis cut off by a \'alve,e, which, inl the present instnnceyisfoperated by-avh'eel, g, and screw z, as shown clearly in fig. 1.7.' i t. i.

I isa double-headed vlve, tbein'gthe lower heath-whose face is g'roundievenly--to ,fit lagainst n seat at the bottom of the chumberf, and J being the upper'head, Which'is ground toffit air-tight intliechambcrfi'" Fo the valve I there is connected a balance-lever, 6,' (see iin. by ya pin, m, tbe fulcrimi being at n, and the weiglit'o heingjust sufiicient to balance the lever b, valve I, and weight-pan p. Under-the lever-6, and in the cup or box v', Ian adjusting-screw or other device is placed'to regulate the distance which the va'lve I may move. l

D. isa' tube or hollon Iarm, its' upper end being provided with n socket, which is fitted upenn hollow,spindle,v 2C," s o as to turrrlaterally thereon, and the arni is held upon the spindle by -a bolt, c', and \vnsher d 4as shovin -in, g. 1. Communication between -thesaid spindle and the arm is effected by corresponding openings in each,' and thus a direct passage-way from tlie chamberfth-rough the arm D is insured. v f

H Haro the chambers for apportioni'ngthe quantity of dough to belet into the pans-gg.'y These chainbers muy be of any desired size and shape. I nto suidrehamberspistons r rare ttedf'to work. S are two bars",y 'arranged to slide vertically, being. guided by friction-rollersf 4: 5. These bars 'are provided withrack's, into which meshes a gearlwheel, E, vvhich revolves lupon n. bushing,.t. 'lhrongh this bushing and through the cross- I head F, as well asthrough a slot cut longitudinally inthe casting G, a b-oltfu, passesynnd enters'a nut, sliding in, 'a groove on the inne-r side of the castingl G. vByjs'ere'sving 'up this nut the saiill cross-head is held 'at any lrequired distance fromthe bottom'pl'aneof the chalnbefrsl Hyfor tabel-purpose of apportioning thetquant'ity of the dough that maybe required for theparticulor size of the loaves Athat are to be made; as, for instance, by lowering the cross-head F, the pistons'plust move alessdistance in the chanibers, hence leaving a sin'aller space to be filled Withdough when the erin D is brought undereither chamber H,' so asto'open into it.

Thebars S S arcprcvented descending belw the bottom "plane of the chambers H H by the projections w w on the said bars, which, at the completion of-each descent, rest on the tops of the sidewalls of. the-chambers i El"H, as'will be understoodby reference to fig. 3.

For the convenience of adjustment, the castingG, to 'which the sides of'the piston-chambers arefirinly secured, is fitted so as to slide upon-.a. portionfof thecdsting B, to which 'it is seeured,"in the present instance,

by bolts x 2:,vso that it can be adjusted sons tocausie the ground bottom-walls of the chambers H I1" t fit closel'y to the ground face of the 'shearing-plate y, which plate is secured to or formed with the arm D.'4

In order to hold the ground lower faces of the trails of the cn'aniber H H closclyto the face of the shearingplatey, I have-shown a segment or circular arcli, z',..secured to the chambers H H, which isproperly fitted to. allow the gib z, secured to a projection on thearmD, to be Atightened-by a set-screnya.

I have shown the spindle C as secured to the casting Blbyfour bolts, b b b b', (see iig. 2,) but any other proper form of fast ingthese lpartsl together may be adopted. l

To.tbe bottom f the arm D two 'circular arcs Je', of different radii, are secured,vnn d their endsnre connected by the bevel ties ffz, which are made to tit'the sides of the panngf. Between the srcs'de'a portion of the table rises u. little dbove the arcs, andfwhen the centre ofthe arm D is in the pos'ition,of the divcrging. 'line 2, ('sveel fic. 2,) the pan g is to be shoved forward upon the circular section of. the table which lies between` the arose e. wIn the niovement of the arm D from `th e di'verging line 2 to that 3, tl1e `tic j" moves thepnn under the piston-chamberonl that side in time toureceive the loaf, whichA is forced out by the ascent ofthe pppn site piston, and on the return ofthe arm D to the lineA 2, the replenished pan'ismoved out so as to stand in line of the next pan, noiv in'the same position as indicated by ,the pen g', which in its turn is inoved upon the are ofthe table, shoving the replenished p'an beyond the circular section ofthe table beforethe return of-'the tie f* from its greatest point ofivibration'. 'Y j l I The centre'line`of the pan is directly under theoutside edge ofthe pistou-ehamber,- when the cutting-edge .ofthe shearing-plate h k (shown in dotted lines in iig,4 2) .passes the former, which allows the loaf to lie evenly.

in the pan, and at the same instantthe port q begins to open into'the pistonclmrnber,'toward which itis moving, The same relationsof the movements and operatQns occur-at each alternate motion of thehrm D, under and from and to the other piston-chamber. i

l `To ins-ure an automatic movement of 'the pans, I have illustrated, in red outline in figs'. 1 and 3,1;he following mechanism: The socket 'of the arm D is provided lwithtwo projecting circular segments (only one, is shown in fig. 1,) to eachbf which a segmentof bevel-gear, J,'is' attached, whichmeshes into a pinion, -Ic, tc which the shaft b', lever m2 and ratchet-rod n are connected. On the horizontal shaft y', which lies inthe vertical plane passing through tno centres 4of -the pistons, two pan-wheels p'p" revolve, having eacn a ratonet,

q q', and sixjpan-holders r.r r r r' r', attached,'into which the-pans s el sla are placed, which are to receive 4the loavesas they dropfrom the piston-chambers H IL At each vibration of the arm D,` one of the ratehetfrods, n", moves its ,pan-wheel, and thus places a pan under its corresponding chamber 'H, as shown at s, iig.` 1, while the4 other.' moves forward inits turn to catch i hold of its ratchet-tooth' u', for"l the purpose of performing a similar operation for thewthcnpis'ton .and Vits chambers.

l The horizontal position which the pansretain in the pan-holders at all stages of the revolution of the pan-1 i wheels, and the positivo motion which 'th cy"-are subject to, and the number of convenient positions to remore the replenished and replace the empty pans, are evidences of-the admirable adaptation of this arrangementforf its specific purpose.

i It would'berrell to have'the holes in the strainer lnot 4less 'thanthe arca of the cross-section of th'e passage; e,"and to have the smaller diameterrof eachhle'a little less than the distance the disk lzzof the valve Irecedesv from its seatfso that hard4 lumps passing through the4 holes Vin the strainer 'canv alsopassV out of the valvechamber.` y v` V V 'With these provisions andadjustments the desired pressure -the arm -D and pistonchambersis'obtained, p which cannot. bc exceeded unless the n" "ght in thc pan p is increased, as the valve'I completely closes the passage-from 'c vtdD, when the desired pressure is obtained in the chambersHE and arm' D. i

It is obvious that any other shaped pistons, and a greater number of them, may be worked and ,supplied with dough, with the same or a similar arm to 'D,-andthat the principles offconstructio'nand operation herein fdescribed may be applied in various ways; und the custom of the trade requirestbat the biked `products shall' be of Avarious shapes, of whichthe round," oblong, rectangular, elliptic,.and concentric forms are commoxjnd these may be made bygiving the chambers and pistons such shapes,` andv providing some of 'tlimwith concem tric or interior''shaft-h upon which the pistons fit and slide toproduce suchl marked '.products; ltherefore, I do not continemysblf to any particular form or number of chambersoi` pistons. s

It is furthermore obvousthat the-valve` I and its'appendages can bevassociatod Vwith the common'st'orpwoclr and spouts, to. obriatn the tediousness and incidental diilicnlties` p ,ertainxig4 to ,the ,in-es entV use otjdthese devices simple and easilyunderstood to require a detailed Vdescription of .suchv partsto show their-'connection with'the said valve I, as, for instance, I would stato that a-chamber may be formed beloiv tho'valve L ,and in this ohstopcock inserted to dra'w olf the dough. Q

. Haring thus described my invention, what I claim vas new, and desire to secu'rc by Letters Patent, is-' 1. The combination, wit-ha kneader, of the valve I and its chamber;'shbstantially'as herein specified, v whereby the expansion of dough, prepared 4under pressure .of gas, can be regglated as desired;

2. I'claim the double-head valve I, constructed and operating substantially `ass heroin specified.

- 8. The combination, with the kneader A, of thoiperforatcd platcor strainer a', substantially l'xeroinspc'aoi A i tied,.for .preventing iumpsoi unmiixcdl dough or otherl hard substances impedingrthe perfect-operational' the.4

specified, whereby the dough may be apportioned and shaped as desired. j

.4 f fr 4. 4. The combination of the hollow arm D with one ormore chambers und pistons, substantially. Vherein 5. The movablecross-head F, in combination with the w'hcel Il and-rackbars S S, substantially as described,

thereby the capacity of the chambers HA H infby be inoreasedor diminished, as desired.v I

A6. The combination, with lthe valve I,'of=`t`he. balance-lever b and its appendages, substantially as and. Afor the purpose .herein specified-.

l f 7. The combination, with the 'arm' D and table J,- of tho-arcs ei c',y substantially as spe-cilelvrhcncby the i pansl are brought underand lElway .from the chambers H H, for filling and discharging fthexn.l t

. .v JAMES PERRY.y

Witnesses: v

M; M. Lrvmcsros, ,Seton C. Eaton. 

